On-line Program Handbook :: PART III: EXPERIENCING THAI CULTURE
Thai and Southeast Asian Studies Program

There are scores of texts written about the nuances of Thai culture. This section will simply attempt to give you a rough outline of the most important aspects of behavior while in Thailand. More details can be found in your International Student Handbook and in the books listed in it as well as those we recommend in this guide.

The first thing that you must always remember about your time in Thailand is that you are a guest of the Kingdom. Please behave as a good guest should by becoming sensitive to the feelings of your hosts. Remember that, although unlikely, the Thai government can make you leave the country at any time. We'd like to advise you to be on your best behavior when in public, even if that behavior is better than your regular "best" in your home country. You will be seen as a representative of your cultural and ethnic background. Thais will attempt to label you by your appearance and may expect you to behave in ways that they have previously experienced with people similar to you. This is a normal reaction to your strangeness; Thais want to understand and be able to predict your actions so they can be more comfortable with you. If you do not like the way you are treated, consider that perhaps in the past (or in a movie, or in a TV show) someone who looked or acted like you did something to create this expectation. Use this opportunity to explore your own prejudices and share with your hosts.

THE KING OF THAILAND

His Royal Highness King Bumiphol Adulyadej (pronounced Phu-mi-phon A-dun-ya-det) was born on December 5, 1927, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He has been the Head of State since the 9th of June, 1946 and is the world's longest reigning monarch. He is very respected and even revered by Thai citizens. He cannot be compared with any Western monarch, such as Queen Elizabeth, because he is seen by Thai Buddhists as having attained great spiritual and moral authority. He has great influence over his constituents and has worked to improve the quality of life for all Thai people through many well-intentioned development projects. To show respect for the king, stand for the playing of the King's Anthem before films, do not lick stamps with pictures of the king on them, and do not hang photographs of the king (these usually are in the form of calendars) lower than anything else in the room. It is illegal for anyone in Thailand to criticize the king or compare the king or anyone in the royal family to anyone else. Finally, do not step on or destroy Thai currency notes or coins, all of which contain a picture of the king.


HEAD TO FEET

In Thailand, the head is sacred. Thais believe that a person's soul abides in the crown of the hair on top of the head. To bump, hit, rub, or touch the head is to offend the soul, perhaps causing it to run away from home. Many people feel that if their head is touched, they must undergo a ceremony to coax the soul back to the crown, or they will become severely ill. If you need to touch anyone's head for any reason, or if you mistakenly touch someone's head, you should apologize sincerely. Notice that if anyone else touches your head, such as when washing your hair at a salon or when you get a Thai massage, they will apologize ahead of time. This rule also applies to hats and pillows. Never put your hat on the floor, walk on anyone's hat, or sit on a bed pillow.

The feet, being the farthest from the head, are profane. When the sole of the foot is deliberately shown to someone, this is considered an extremely rude gesture. Not only are the bottoms of your feet dirty and smelly, so are your socks. Although laundry businesses are relaxing their rules, never expect anyone to wash your socks (or underwear for that matter) by hand. Do not prop your leg on your knee so that the sole of your foot is visible. Do not put your feet on coffee tables or desks. Do not step over any person-please walk around. Do not step over food-it is unsanitary to hang your dirty feet over something someone may eat. Similarly, do not wear your shoes into anyone's house. Finally, remember to step over the threshold (if there is one) rather than stepping on it. Stepping on the threshold is traditionally considered offensive to the benevolent spirit that inhabits every home.


STATUS AND RESPECT

Thai society is hierarchical. Everyone has a place in society, which makes knowing how to behave within the total system easy and predictable. You may not agree with this hierarchy, but it is a socio-cultural reality in Thailand. Please respect this social system while you are in Thailand. The fact that you are an outsider may create some confusion, because people are not sure where you should fit in the hierarchy. They will ask you many questions to try to determine your position in relation to theirs. Please note that age, educational level, profession, salary, and many other issues that you might consider to be private in your home country are openly discussed by Thais in order to determine hierarchical positions. Don't be offended-this is simply the Thai way.

You must always show deferential respect to the following persons:

Monks
His Royal Highness the King
All Royalty
Teachers
Elderly
Parents
Government Officials, Doctors, other professionals
Older relatives
Older people

Even the difference of being born a few hours before you can make someone "older" than you. Ask someone's birth date if you want to make sure. Respecting your elders does not mean that you can or should be disrespectful to your subordinates. You are expected to treat people younger or of lower status than you as a helpful older brother or sister would treat a younger brother or sister.


WAI

Thais show respect with a graceful gesture called a wai. You will learn quickly how to wai by watching others and practicing. Wai your teachers every day. Wai your elders every day. You should wai before your superiors do, and after your subordinates do. Do not return a wai to small children (under 12). Note that the King of Thailand wais monks, but no one else. Monks are at the top of the social hierarchy, and therefore do not return a wai, not even to the king.


SMILING

Smiling has many meanings in Thai culture. You may enjoy these smiles, be confused by them, or you might be angered by them at some time. Please remember that Thais may not behave in ways that your culture considers to be "normal." Similarly, you may behave in ways that many Thais find to be "abnormal". To minimize misunderstanding, please keep in mind that Thais may smile beautifully in all of the following situations:

Happy
Joking
Simple greeting
Not knowing the answer
Trying to correct an error
Embarrassed for someone else
Embarrassed
Confused
Irritated
Nervous
Afraid
Angry

Thais are quite conscious that a smile is not just a smile, and different types of smiles have different names. Here is just a short list:

Yim thang nam taa: "I'm so happy I'm crying."
Yim thak thaai: "I do not know you, but I will be polite to you."
Yim cheun chom: "I admire you."
Fuen yim: "I should laugh at the joke though it's not funny."
Yim me lessanai: The smile that masks something wicked in your mind.
Yim yae-yae: "I know things look pretty bad, but there's no point in crying."
Yim yaw: "I told you so."
Yim haeng: "I know I owe you the money, but I don't have it."
Yim sao: The sad smile.
Yim thak thaan: "You can go ahead and propose it, but your idea is no good."
Yim cheua-cheuan: "I am the winner."
Yim soo: " I am smiling in the face of an impossible struggle."
Yim mai awk: "I'm trying to smile but can't."

Gradually you will begin to understand why people are smiling as you begin to appreciate and understand the subtlety of Thai culture. Do not forget to keep smiling.


LAUGHING AND JOKING

Like smiling, Thai style laughing and joking can be confusing for a newcomer. Many times the above listed feelings, expressed with a smile, also include a laugh. Like the smile, after time, you will gradually come to understand what exactly the laugh may mean.

Thai-style joking can sometimes result in hurt feelings for Westerners, as many Thais will joke about each other in ways that some foreigners find offensive. Westerners are accustomed to not talking about physical abnormalities or perceived imperfections, but Thais enjoy discussing them. Hearing your new friend tell you straight-faced that you're fat, ugly, and pimply might make your hair stand up, but talk like this is normal among close friends. These comments or jokes have often been described as a way that friends acknowledge and accept each other's flaws, making them feel like their imperfections are "no big deal."

Not mentioning someone's imperfections might send the message that the imperfection is so shameful that it can not be spoken of. Therefore, you should try to feel positive when a new Thai friend says, "You are so fat!" "You have a lot of pimples today!" or "Why is your [body part] so [negative descriptive word]?" Chances are, he or she is thinking "I like you, I would like to consider myself to be close to you, and these unimportant things can be laughed at between us."


"YES" AND "NO"

In the Thai language, it is considered rude to simply give "No" for an answer. There are many ways of saying no without actually saying the word "No," so prepare yourself for some slight confusion. Someone might tell you, "I think so" or "Yes maybe" or "Probably." You might hope that these answers really mean "Yes" - after all, you didn't actually hear "No." In general, people want to please you and accommodate you, and it may embarrass them or embarrass you if they can not please you, so they will say "Yes" even if they simply can not accommodate your wishes. To you, saying "No" flatly may be direct and efficient, but it can convey lack of care, and many Thais may take offense. Listen very carefully and please be considerate.

Invitations
Sometimes you may be confused when you hear a Thai ask you "Have you eaten?" because you may think that s/he might be asking you to go eat with him/her. Please be assured that this is just a friendly greeting, equivalent to "How are you?" Similarly, if you meet someone who is in the process of eating, s/he may say "Come and eat with me" or "Eat!" and point at the food. This does not mean that you should join in the eating. It is just a friendly greeting. If the person really does want you to eat the food, s/he will extend it to you, pull out a chair, and sincerely encourage you to taste the food. Occasionally a Thai friend may tell you about some interesting plans to go somewhere or do something, saying "Do you want to go, too?" and then later seemingly forget to tell you about the details. This is not really an invitation, it's just a way of talking about exciting plans. If you are really invited, the person will tell you all the details and make sure you are coming without your having to ask.


ANGER

Thais consider it extraordinarily rude to express anger in public by raising your voice, waving your hands, or stomping your feet. If you can not keep a "cool head," many Thais will actually think you are insane or dangerous. When angry, remember to smile. Release your attachment to your sense of "I am right." Calmly try to solve the problem through honest, unemotional discussion. Many times anger is a result of simple misunderstanding. Do not assume that people are doing things that you find offensive "on purpose." Although it is highly unlikely, if a Thai becomes angry with you in public, maintain your composure and continue to try to solve the problem calmly. If you cannot understand the situation, ask someone nearby for help. This may take extraordinary patience and feel very embarrassing, but it is the best possible route to clearing up misunderstandings. You will show your good manners and class by staying cool headed in a difficult situation.


TIME

Thailand is traditionally an agricultural society, where precise meeting times, schedules, and time budgeting are not as important as they may be in your home country. However, many Thais have learned that time is important to foreigners. Therefore, while Thais may be 20-30 minutes "late" to meet you, most Thais will expect you to be "on time" for them. On the occasion that you are waiting for a "late" Thai, try thinking about what time really means to you and your culture. Why is time important? Talk to Thais about "using" time, "keeping" time, and "being" on time. You may feel your attitude about time changing the longer you are in Thailand.

Please note that in terms of scheduling and classes in the Thai Studies Program, you are expected to abide by Western standards and be consistently on time!


DRESS AND MODESTY

Although styles are changing and you may more frequently see young Chiang Mai women adorning more revealing outfits (mainly short shorts and sleeveless shirts) during the day as well as the night, please remember that the majority of Thais appreciate modest attire. This means you should wear shirts with sleeves, both for men and women. Women can wear pants at any time except during school, when a skirt must be worn. While off campus, long, wrinkle-free lightweight pants or skirts are a good choice. Knee-length baggy shorts are fine for exercising, but you may see many people wearing several layers while they exercise on campus, even if the weather is hot. Look to see what the majority of Thais your age are wearing and dress accordingly. If a Thai comments on the shortness of your skirt, the see-through quality of your clothing, or some other aspect of your dress, please be reminded that this may be a polite request that you do not wear such clothing in the future. Wearing revealing clothing can elicit comments and harassment from men. It is always a good idea to wear your student uniform as much as possible while off-campus. You will be immediately more respected as a student whose status is higher than that of a regular tourist. Please do not wear your uniform if you plan to go out at night, especially if you drink alcohol.


STAYING CLEAN

In a tropical climate, it is easy to get dirty and uncomfortable. Most Thais will shower twice daily, with soap, if they have an opportunity. Showering is refreshing and helps you stay cool and collected, as well as sweet-smelling. Apply prickly heat powder or baby powder after showering, and put on fresh clothes. You'll find yourself complaining less about the heat and feeling up for more activities. If Thai friends or your host family tell you, "Please, take a shower" do not immediately assume that you smell (although this may be the case). This is usually nothing more than a hospitable invitation for you to enjoy a refreshing shower.


GIFT - GIVING

You will want to bring small gifts to your new Thai friends and family. Although you may think it would be exciting to see their faces when they open these gifts, this is not usually done. Instead, simply present a nicely wrapped gift to your friend (almost any stationery shop will do the wrapping). Your friend will most likely politely thank you and then put the gift away somewhere. They will open it later in private. There are many reasons for this procedure. First and most importantly, it really is "the thought that counts." Next, the receiver does not want to appear too greedy by openly ripping into the package immediately to see what the gift is. On the negative side, your friend might like to save you any embarrassment if the gift is something that he or she doesn't like. You should always follow these same rules of etiquette, unless repeatedly urged by Thai friends, of opening gifts later in private.


RELIGIOUS OBJECTS

It is very important to be respectful of all Buddhist sculptures, including Buddha images, religious works of art, spirit houses, amulets, phallic structures, and animal statuary in temple grounds. Never climb or sit on these sculptures. You may see these works simply as "things" but the majority of Thai Buddhists do not. Any monk can explain to you why Buddha images are simply physical things. However, the images represent the teachings of the Buddha and have been ritually sanctified for the purpose of helping Buddhist practitioners focus on these teachings, and so they must be treated with the greatest respect.


EXHIBITIONISTS AND OTHER "STRANGERS"

If you find yourself in the unusual situation of walking alone down a dark alley at night, and you are approached by a drunken individual who yells at you, makes rude gestures, or flashes you, what should you do? Thais usually recommend that you stay calm, point, laugh loudly (do not forget to keep smiling), and keep walking. By simply laughing and pointing, this is how Thais "laugh off" insane behavior. Exhibitionists are NOT considered physically dangerous. However, if you are in the very unlikely situation where someone yells or actually tries to touch you in a threatening way, scream as loudly and as long as you can, and run. Call 1155 or 191 for the police and describe the attacker and situation. Report the incident to program staff immediately.

Do not accept rides on motorcycles or in cars from anyone you do not know.
Do not accept rides from any Payap students who you do not already know.

If a Payap student harasses you, report the incident to the us IMMEDIATELY.

If you are harassed or assaulted, please be reminded that it is not your fault, no matter what situation you were in. Do not be afraid to report any incident.


ALCOHOL AND DRUGS

It may be easy for you to drink alcohol in Thailand, but consider how it affects your overall health and ability to experience life during this important time. If you choose to drink, please drink responsibly and remember that alcohol may impair your judgment when: riding a bicycle, walking down the street, choosing social situations, and making sexual choices. Be aware that all of your actions have consequences. Although you may see tourists using something illegal every day in Thailand, do your best to set a good example. Do not get involved, and keep in mind that you are a representative of your country.

With the above advice in mind, we hope it goes without saying that while on school-related excursions, you absolutely can not pack alcohol or drugs in your bags! Remember, it is ILLEGAL to possess, sell, or distribute drugs in Thailand. In February 2003, former Prime Minister Taksin Shinawatra began a "War on Drugs" in Northern Thailand. Amnesty International has reported that hundreds of Thais have been executed without trial, and many foreigners have been incarcerated for life. They may be lucky, depending on how you look at it, as one penalty for drug trafficking in Thailand is execution. If any student is caught with illegal drugs while in the Thai Studies program, they will immediately be expelled without recourse.



Thai and Southeast Asian Studies